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2 Bain, Alexander
[br]b. October 1810 Watten, Scotlandd. 2 January 1877 Kirkintilloch, Scotland[br]Scottish inventor and entrepreneur who laid the foundations of electrical horology and designed an electromagnetic means of transmitting images (facsimile).[br]Alexander Bain was born into a crofting family in a remote part of Scotland. He was apprenticed to a watchmaker in Wick and during that time he was strongly influenced by a lecture on "Heat, sound and electricity" that he heard in nearby Thurso. This lecture induced him to take up a position in Clerkenwell in London, working as a journeyman clockmaker, where he was able to further his knowledge of electricity by attending lectures at the Adelaide Gallery and the Polytechnic Institution. His thoughts naturally turned to the application of electricity to clockmaking, and despite a bitter dispute with Charles Wheatstone over priority he was granted the first British patent for an electric clock. This patent, taken out on 11 January 1841, described a mechanism for an electric clock, in which an oscillating component of the clock operated a mechanical switch that initiated an electromagnetic pulse to maintain the regular, periodic motion. This principle was used in his master clock, produced in 1845. On 12 December of the same year, he patented a means of using electricity to control the operation of steam railway engines via a steam-valve. His earliest patent was particularly far-sighted and anticipated most of the developments in electrical horology that occurred during the nineteenth century. He proposed the use of electricity not only to drive clocks but also to distribute time over a distance by correcting the hands of mechanical clocks, synchronizing pendulums and using slave dials (here he was anticipated by Steinheil). However, he was less successful in putting these ideas into practice, and his electric clocks proved to be unreliable. Early electric clocks had two weaknesses: the battery; and the switching mechanism that fed the current to the electromagnets. Bain's earth battery, patented in 1843, overcame the first defect by providing a reasonably constant current to drive his clocks, but unlike Hipp he failed to produce a reliable switch.The application of Bain's numerous patents for electric telegraphy was more successful, and he derived most of his income from these. They included a patent of 12 December 1843 for a form of fax machine, a chemical telegraph that could be used for the transmission of text and of images (facsimile). At the receiver, signals were passed through a moving band of paper impregnated with a solution of ammonium nitrate and potassium ferrocyanide. For text, Morse code signals were used, and because the system could respond to signals faster than those generated by hand, perforated paper tape was used to transmit the messages; in a trial between Paris and Lille, 282 words were transmitted in less than one minute. In 1865 the Abbé Caselli, a French engineer, introduced a commercial fax service between Paris and Lyons, based on Bain's device. Bain also used the idea of perforated tape to operate musical wind instruments automatically. Bain squandered a great deal of money on litigation, initially with Wheatstone and then with Morse in the USA. Although his inventions were acknowledged, Bain appears to have received no honours, but when towards the end of his life he fell upon hard times, influential persons in 1873 secured for him a Civil List Pension of £80 per annum and the Royal Society gave him £150.[br]Bibliography1841, British patent no. 8,783; 1843, British patent no. 9,745; 1845, British patent no.10,838; 1847, British patent no. 11,584; 1852, British patent no. 14,146 (all for electric clocks).1852, A Short History of the Electric Clocks with Explanation of Their Principles andMechanism and Instruction for Their Management and Regulation, London; reprinted 1973, introd. W.Hackmann, London: Turner \& Devereux (as the title implies, this pamphlet was probably intended for the purchasers of his clocks).Further ReadingThe best account of Bain's life and work is in papers by C.A.Aked in Antiquarian Horology: "Electricity, magnetism and clocks" (1971) 7: 398–415; "Alexander Bain, the father of electrical horology" (1974) 9:51–63; "An early electric turret clock" (1975) 7:428–42. These papers were reprinted together (1976) in A Conspectus of Electrical Timekeeping, Monograph No. 12, Antiquarian Horological Society: Tilehurst.J.Finlaison, 1834, An Account of Some Remarkable Applications of the Electric Fluid to the Useful Arts by Alexander Bain, London (a contemporary account between Wheatstone and Bain over the invention of the electric clock).J.Munro, 1891, Heroes of the Telegraph, Religious Tract Society.J.Malster \& M.J.Bowden, 1976, "Facsimile. A Review", Radio \&Electronic Engineer 46:55.D.J.Weaver, 1982, Electrical Clocks and Watches, Newnes.T.Hunkin, 1993, "Just give me the fax", New Scientist (13 February):33–7 (provides details of Bain's and later fax devices).See also: Bakewell, Frederick C.DV / KF -
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4 bain-marie foods container
мармитница
Рабочая емкость мармита, предназначенная для заполнения горячей пищей.
[ ГОСТ 16318-77]Тематики
- оборуд. для торговли и общест. питания
Обобщающие термины
EN
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Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > bain-marie foods container
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5 bain-marie pan
мармитница
Рабочая емкость мармита, предназначенная для заполнения горячей пищей.
[ ГОСТ 16318-77]Тематики
- оборуд. для торговли и общест. питания
Обобщающие термины
EN
DE
FR
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > bain-marie pan
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6 bain-marie
водяная баня имя существительное: -
7 Bain Index
эк. индекс Бейна (отражает экономическую прибыль фирмы, рассчитывается путем вычитания из валовой выручки расходов, обесценения капитала и альтернативной стоимости инвестиций; при совершенной конкуренции на рынке индекс Бейна должен быть нулевым, а при наличии рыночной концентрации может быть положительным для отдельных фирм)See: -
8 Bain, Joe Staten
перс.эк. Бейн, Джо Стейтен (1912-1991; американский экономист, ученик Й. Шумпетера; работал в Калифорнийском университете в Беркли; один из основателей теории организации отрасли, придававший особенный акцент анализу условий входа в отрасль (барьерам); автор концепции "сдерживающего ценообразования"; один из авторов методологии "структура-поведение-результат")See: -
9 Bain Breathing Circuit
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11 bain-marie
s.baño maría, baño de maría. (plural bains-marie o bain-maries) -
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(диалектизм) близко, сподручно -
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Общая лексика: водяная баня, пароварка -
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[ˌbæŋmə'riː]1) Общая лексика: пароварка (кастрюля)2) Французский язык: (pl bains-) пароварка (кастрюля)3) Архитектура: водяной мармит (устройство с водяным подогревом горячих блюд-оборудование ресторана)4) Специальный термин: водяная баня -
17 bain-marie (pl bains-)
Французский язык: пароварка (кастрюля)Универсальный англо-русский словарь > bain-marie (pl bains-)
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[beɪn]охотно, с готовностьюблизко, сподручноАнгло-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь > bain
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[ˏbæŋmə`riː]пароваркаводяная баняАнгло-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь > bain-marie
См. также в других словарях:
bain — [ bɛ̃ ] n. m. • 1080; lat. balneum 1 ♦ Action de plonger le corps ou une partie du corps dans l eau ou quelque autre liquide (pour se laver, se soigner). Bain de propreté. ⇒ ablution, toilette. Bain de siège, où seul le postérieur est immergé.… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Bain & Company — Type Incorporated Partnership Industry Management Consulting Founded 1973 … Wikipedia
Bain — is a surname.Bain may also refer to:Natural features*The River Bain in Lincolnshire, England *The River Bain, North Yorkshire, EnglandBusinesses*Bain Company, management consulting firm *Bain Capital, private equity groupHistoric… … Wikipedia
bain — BAIN. s. m. Eau, ou autre liqueur, dans laquelle on se met ordinairement nu, soit pour le plaisir, soit pour la santé, et où l on demeure un temps convenable. Bain que l on prend dans la mer, dans la rivière. Bain qu on prend dans la maison. Bain … Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française 1798
bain-marie — [ bɛ̃mari ] n. m. • 1516; de bain et de Marie, sœur de Moïse, connue comme alchimiste ♦ Liquide chaud (eau, le plus souvent) dans lequel on met un récipient contenant ce qu on veut faire chauffer. Faire prendre une crème au bain marie. Des bains… … Encyclopédie Universelle
bain — BAIN. s. m. Les eaux dans lesquelles on se met, soit pour le plaisir ou pour la santé. Bain naturel. bain artificiel. les bains d un tel lieu. bain chaud. bain froid. Les anciens se servoient fort de bains, avoient des bains publics. aller aux… … Dictionnaire de l'Académie française
Bain de Bretagne — Mairie de Bain de Bretagne Administration Pays France Région Bretagne Département … Wikipédia en Français
Bain de bretagne — Mairie de Bain de Bretagne Administration Pays France Région Bretagne Département … Wikipédia en Français
Bain — ist der Familienname folgender Personen: Alexander Bain (Uhrmacher) (1811–1877), schottischer Uhrmacher und Erfinder Alexander Bain (Philosoph) (1818–1903), britischer Psychologe, der sich mit dem Problem der Assoziation beschäftigte Aly Bain (*… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Bain-Marie — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Marie. Bain marie utilisé pour faire fondre du chocolat. En cuisine, le bain marie dési … Wikipédia en Français
Bain Marie — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Marie. Bain marie utilisé pour faire fondre du chocolat. En cuisine, le bain marie dési … Wikipédia en Français
